Diabetes in Pregnancy - Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes is a problem when human body is either not producing or using insulin. Insulin is a hormone that converts starch, sugar or other food items into energy. The problem starts when there is increase in the level of sugar in blood. Insulin controls the blood sugar level in the body. It affects the entire world but most cases related to diabetes seen in U.S.A. About 16 million of people is caught by disease and nearly 5 million of people are those who unaware of this disease.

Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that affects pregnant women. A general survey says this type of diabetes caught almost 4% of all pregnant women. It also says about 1, 30,000 cases of gestational diabetes are come to light every year. Hormones produced in women's body during pregnancy reduced insulin in her body, which leads to problem of high blood sugar in the body. During pregnancy a mother needs three times of insulin to convert starch into energy for more energy. When her body becomes unable to use insulin the problem goes to gestational diabetes.

Reasons

Diabetes is a problem that causes to anyone who has less receptivity to insulin but main reasons for the cause of this in pregnant woman if she has late pregnancy. Obesity is one of reasons for diabetes. Another one is previous pregnancy resulting a baby having weight 9 pounds and more.

Symptoms

Symptoms of gestational diabetes are increased thirst, increased urination, feeling tired all the time, nausea and vomiting. Sometimes victim also have blurred vision, yeast infection and bladder infection.

Treatment

To solve this problem pregnant woman should follow the treatment plans for their health care. She should take a healthy diet. Mother should keep her blood sugar in a target level. She should get regular physical activity. Also, she should keep healthy weight.

Diabetes in Pregnancy - Gestational Diabetes

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Gestational Diabetes - Diabetes During Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes is a commonly seen diabetic condition among pregnant women. Diabetes during pregnancy time plays a vital role in controlling offspring metabolism. When not seriously taken, gestational diabetes causes several problems during pregnancy period. It creates a negative impact on both mother and child. In most cases, this diabetic condition will go by the child's birth. But it will remain as a black mark in mother's life and there arises chance of getting type 2 diabetes or diabetes mellitus in later stages of their life. Insulin resistance phenomenon seen in gestational diabetic patients reduces the proportionality with beta cells in pancreas. Diabetes during pregnancy period induces overgrowth in fetus and makes delivery earlier than predicted time. In these cases, cesarean is opted for a secured means of delivery. If not considered, it may even lead to life threatening high blood pressure condition known as pre-eclampsia.

Earlier detection of gestational diabetes helps in preventing many of its complications. Glucose tolerance test is a major detection test done among pregnant women. This screening test is usually done during twenty fourth and twenty eighth week of pregnancy period. Comparison of glucose level before food and after food intake is done. If the test results show a glucose level higher than the normal value after food, then she should take control over her diet. This kind of diabetes comes under type A1 gestational diabetes. But in some cases, there will be abnormal glucose level in both before and after food intake.

Diabetes Pregnancy

In this case, accurate insulin dosage is given so as to regulate the blood glucose level. Urine test is also done among some pregnant women to detect the presence of gestational diabetes. Risk factor in getting gestational diabetes increases with patient's age and family history. Frequent urination, thirst and tiredness are some of the symptoms shown by gestational diabetic patients. A few of them will also be prone to frequent vomiting and eye problems.

Since fetus is taking his or her food from mother, baby will be growing in a hyperglycemic placental environment in the womb of mother. Increased action of insulin stimulates the production of growth hormones and as a result baby gets fattier leading way to macrosomia. Over weight and obesity developed due to macrosomia creates problems during pregnancy period. There arises the need of cesarean instead of normal delivery. It reduces the metabolization rate in new born babies. Low metabolic activity leads to the accumulation of fatty acids in the baby. It results in low secretion of insulin which is the master of all metabolic activities.

These babies are most likely to catch type 2 diabetes in their future life. Today, many seminars and counseling programs on gestational diabetes are conducted in hospitals. These seminar programs help in giving awareness about the disease. Make sure to possess control over food especially on foods with high carbohydrate concentration. Prepare a planned diet and make control over the body weight by doing adequate exercises. Regular check-ups and planning lifestyle accordingly helps to a great extend in managing gestational diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes - Diabetes During Pregnancy

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Gestational Diabetes Diet For The Pregnant Woman

Gestational diabetes mellitus refers to diabetes that is first recognized or diagnosed at any stage during pregnancy. Three to twelve percent of all pregnant women will develop gestational diabetes between week 24 and 28 of their pregnancies. The usual symptoms of gestational diabetes are extreme thirst, hunger, fatigue, but many pregnant women are not able to notice these symptoms. However, gestational diabetes usually goes away on its own after delivery, in most cases.

Doctors are known to treat their patients with a carefully controlled gestational diabetes diet, in order to maintain the pregnant woman's blood sugar level within the normal range for pregnancy. To achieve this, your dietitian or diabetes educator will teach you about healthy eating and the appropriate food that your should consume. Your gestational diabetes diet plan will probably include the following:

Mellitus Pregnancy

• Limit your intake of foods that are high in cholesterol, such as egg yolks. Consume no more than 300 mg of cholesterol a day.
• Consume no less than 10 servings of fruits and vegetables each day; whole fruits and vegetables are more nutritious and less calorie-dense than juices and dried fruit.
• Avoid foods that are high in fats; no more than 10 percent of your total daily calorie intake should come from saturated fat. Try to buy prepared foods with less than 1 gram of saturated fat per serving.
• Boost your fiber intake by eating whole grains, dried beans, fruits and vegetables.
• Avoid taking too much salt and try to buy reduced-sodium items when possible. Look out for prepared foods with less than 140 mg of sodium per serving or 5 percent of the "daily value" for sodium on the food label.
• Reduce the intake of alcoholic beverages to a minimum. Soda and fruit drinks, which usually contain high content of sugar, should be avoided as well.

The goal of your gestational diabetes meal plan is to keep your blood sugar level as close as possible after and between meals. To keep control of your blood sugar levels, you will have to learn how to be consistent in the type, amount and timing of the meals you eat throughout the day. You will definitely to practice due diligence by closely following your diabetes pregnancy diet plan!

Gestational Diabetes Diet For The Pregnant Woman

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance of variable severity with the first recognition during pregnancy. Screening is now part of routine antenatal care in many settings in developed countries. There are several screening tests, but the most common is the oral glucose tolerance test, which tests the blood glucose level in order to initiate treatment for the prevention of complications in pregnant women and their infants. There is substantial debate surrounding the most suitable screening tests, the effectiveness of treatment in averting adverse mother and infant outcomes in women with mild to moderate glucose intolerance, the possibility of causing anxiety, and the potentially adverse effects of a "high risk" label in pregnancy for those with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to examine the psychosocial effects of screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. There was inconsistency in the results due to the variety of designs and methods used, and the outcomes assessed.

Most studies found no significant differences between women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and controls regarding mental health (anxiety and depression), concerns for the health of the newborn, and attitudes towards screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. However, women who were found to have Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or who had false-positive results were more likely to worry about their own health than those whose screening test was negative or were not tested. Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus were more likely than controls to rate their health as poor rather than excellent. The long term consequences of these concerns are not known. Many studies were methodologically weak, with low recruitment rates, large losses to follow up, recall bias, turf effects, and the use of unstandardised measures. More studies in this field are needed since there is little research investigating the psychosocial implications of screening for GDM.

Mellitus Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is controversial in terms of management and outcomes among women who are initially found to have glucose intolerance during pregnancy (Khandelwal, 1999; Scott, 2002). There is debate regarding appropriate screening and diagnostic criteria for elevated blood glucose during pregnancy, the best screening methods to be applied (Rumbold and Crowther, 2001; Scott, 2002), and also regarding the benefits and potential harm of screening programs (Brody, 2003). However, screening for GDM is becoming part of routine antenatal care in many parts of the world. An important aspect of the evaluation of any screening program is its impact on those who are screened (Rumbold and Crowther, 2001).

GDM is identification of diabetes, or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) of variable severity first recognized during pregnancy (American Diabetes Association, 2004). GDM exists when there is an increase in blood glucose levels (Scott, 2002) because of a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism (Metzger and Coustan, 1998). This disorder may affect the fetus and newborn as well as the mother if untreated (Jones and Stone, 1998).
GDM is associated with a disorder of insulin resistance, insulin action and insulin secretion during pregnancy. Thus, GDM is classified as Type-2 diabetes. Some women with GDM go on to develop Type-2 diabetes in later life (Daniells, 2003; Khandelwal, 1999).

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women

Diabetes mellitus in pregnant women poses problems for the mother, fetus and child. Women with established diabetes may have menstrual problem and difficulties in pregnancy. Pregnancy by itself worsens diabetic control and may cause certain diabetic complications to progress in women. Maternal diabetes is also hazardous for the fetus and carries increased risk for fetal loss and major congenital malformations.

However nowadays most women of childbearing age can realistically expect to become mothers of healthy children with intensive glycemic control. Improvements have ranged from technological advances in fetal surveillance, [ultrasound scanning] home glucose monitoring and intensive insulin regimens and have enabled even women with multiple diabetic complications to have successful pregnancies.

Mellitus Pregnancy

Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is divided into pre-gestational and gestational diabetes.If diabetes is found for the first time in a pregnant women, where it was not there before, is called gestational diabetes. Approximately 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM [gestational diabetes mellitus]. Normal pregnancy reduces insulin sensitivity because of diabetogenic effects of placental hormones. Gestational diabetes resolves after delivery, but may recur in subsequent pregnancies and a lifetime risk for developing type 2 diabetes is 30%.

INDICATIONS FOR DETECTION OF DIABETES IN PREGNANT WOMEN.

1]Family history of diabetes.
2]Glucose in urine sample.
3]History of unexplained perinatal loss.
4]History of large baby.
5]History of congenitally malformation infant.
6]Maternal obesity.
7]Maternal age more than 25 years.
8]Members of ethical/racial group with high prevalence of diabetes mellitus.

To prevent excess spontaneous abortion and congenial malformation in infants of diabetic mothers, diabetes care and education must begin before conception. There are no contraceptive methods that are specifically contraindicated in women with diabetes. The selection of a method should focus on methods with proven high degree of effectiveness. Once patient achieved stable sugar control than conception can be discontinued and plan for pregnancy.

Management during pregnancy.

1]Quiet smoking/alcohol.
2]Home blood glucose monitoring.
3]Diet control/folate supplementation.
4]Regular exercise.
5]Fetal monitoring by ultrasound scan.
6]Accurate insulin regimen.
7]Management of complications.

Diabetes is associated with a significant increase in the risk complications during pregnancy and delivery. Appropriate management, including medical education, therapy accurate insulin regiment and cautious obstetric management achieves a successful pregnancy outcome for the mother and child.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women

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Gestational Diabetes (Pregnancy)

Diabetes is a disease where the blood sugar level is higher because of insulin deficiency, or insulin is not acting accurately. Insulin was the hormone produced by the pancreas that allows body to smash down glucose in with blood to be converted as energy.

Diabetes can be developed during pregnancy period of woman who has not previously had the condition. This is also known as gestational diabetes, which is affecting almost two percent of pregnant women. Pregnancy diabetes can lead to problems for the mother and the baby if not controlled properly.

Diabetes Pregnancy

For the period of pregnancy, varieties of hormones obstruct the natural act of insulin which helps to assure for the growing baby to get enough glucose. Body requires to generating lots of insulin to cover the changes. Pregnancy diabetes will then built up when the body can't gather the extra demand of insulin needed by the pregnant woman. Diabetes pregnancy typically begins in the second trimester of the pregnancy period, and it will be gone once the baby is brought to life. If it doesn't go away after giving birth, it is possible that it developed into another form of diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes Symptoms

This form of diabetes does not generally produce some symptoms. Nevertheless, there are times that you may experience the symptoms of hyperglycemia such as; frequent thirst; recurrent urination; and exhaustion. Nevertheless, these said symptoms are as well usual in a normal pregnancy.

Pregnancy or gestational diabetes isn't a direct hazard to your health. Though, badly managed gestational diabetes can put you at a high risk various problems that includes; pre-eclampsia; premature labor; and an excess of amniotic fluid. This can also cause a higher risk of mounting diabetes type two later on.

High blood glucose level can trigger the baby to get bigger, that results to difficulty in delivery. This will produce troubles for the mother and the new born baby. The baby may suffer hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) after birth because the baby makes extra insulin to take action to the mother's above normal blood glucose level. Treatment

Find a special clinic in which the health providers are skilled in taking care of pregnant women with the disease. It is very much important to manage the sugar level if you are identified with pregnancy diabetes. That meant recurrent testing of the blood glucose levels, keeping up active and a carefully planned diet.

Your specialized physician will give you recommendation for testing, how often will you check, and how can you get the blood glucose level that you aim for. A specialized dietician will also give advice on how to eat and the meal plan for the patient to use it as a guide.

To prevent diabetes, healthy lifestyle choices reduce the risk from getting type 2 diabetes if you had once gestational diabetes. Aim to eat enough balanced diets, exercise regularly, and maintain the minimum weight that fits for your height.

Hence, it is like that your blood glucose level will keep on higher even though you had changes your lifestyle. If this happens, it may need insulin injections. Your physician or specialize nurse will help you understand and train to do and achieve it.

Gestational Diabetes (Pregnancy)

Diabetes in Pregnancy - Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes is a problem when human body is either not producing or using insulin. Insulin is a hormone that converts starch, sugar or other food items into energy. The problem starts when there is increase in the level of sugar in blood. Insulin controls the blood sugar level in the body. It affects the entire world but most cases related to diabetes seen in U.S.A. About 16 million of people is caught by disease and nearly 5 million of people are those who unaware of this disease.

Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that affects pregnant women. A general survey says this type of diabetes caught almost 4% of all pregnant women. It also says about 1, 30,000 cases of gestational diabetes are come to light every year. Hormones produced in women's body during pregnancy reduced insulin in her body, which leads to problem of high blood sugar in the body. During pregnancy a mother needs three times of insulin to convert starch into energy for more energy. When her body becomes unable to use insulin the problem goes to gestational diabetes.

Reasons

Diabetes is a problem that causes to anyone who has less receptivity to insulin but main reasons for the cause of this in pregnant woman if she has late pregnancy. Obesity is one of reasons for diabetes. Another one is previous pregnancy resulting a baby having weight 9 pounds and more.

Symptoms

Symptoms of gestational diabetes are increased thirst, increased urination, feeling tired all the time, nausea and vomiting. Sometimes victim also have blurred vision, yeast infection and bladder infection.

Treatment

To solve this problem pregnant woman should follow the treatment plans for their health care. She should take a healthy diet. Mother should keep her blood sugar in a target level. She should get regular physical activity. Also, she should keep healthy weight.

Diabetes in Pregnancy - Gestational Diabetes

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Type 2 Diabetes - Pregnancy Weight Gain in Gestational Diabetes!

The recommended pregnancy weigh gain for most women is between 15 and 20 pounds (6.8 and 9 kg). According to research published recently in the journal Gynecological Endocrinology, less could be better in women with Gestational diabetes, the type of diabetes that appears during pregnancy. Researchers in the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center in Seoul, Korea, looked at weight gain and the pregnancy outcome in infants and mothers in cases of Gestational diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes in Overweight Women: Two hundred and fifteen women with body mass indexes of 25 or over (overweight) and diagnosed with Gestational diabetes were included in the study. Volunteers were classified into those with:

Diabetes Pregnancy

• inadequate weight gain
• normal weight gain, and
• more than enough weight gain

Volunteers with excessive weight gain had more cases of:

• overly large babies
• higher HbA1c at delivery, and
• higher blood sugar levels

than those without excessive weight gain.

Volunteers with weight gain usually considered inadequate:

• had healthier infants, and
• fewer mothers had blood sugar levels high enough to require insulin

It was therefore concluded that lower weight gain than is usually recommended and good control of blood sugar could result in better outcomes in both mothers and infants in cases of overweight and obese pregnant women.

Typical problems occurring in infants of mothers with Gestational diabetes include:

• unhealthy growth and weight gain
• blood abnormalities
• breathing problems
• stillbirth
• heart, kidney and limb deformities, and
• defects of the brain and spinal cord

Growth problems can consist of either overgrowth, which can cause fractured shoulders during birth, or undergrowth and low birth weight. The baby's lungs can be underdeveloped, resulting in difficulty with breathing. The infant's blood sugar can be low due to his/her pancreas making too much insulin to try to cope with the mother's high blood sugar.

Blood levels of calcium and magnesium can be abnormal. The baby's heart can be weak or have their major blood vessels attached abnormally. The center of the heart can be too thick or have a hole. The heart can be too large or have deformities causing the blood not to flow out freely.

Nervous system defects include small brain, split spinal cords (spina bifida), deformities in the ends of the spinal cord and cerebral palsy.

Mothers with gestational diabetes run the risk of Cesarean section due to overgrown infants. A cesarean section, or C-section, is a surgical procedure that is essentially "abdominal delivery". About one in four babies is delivered by cesarean section. They are also at risk of:

• high blood pressure
• swollen legs
• protein in the blood, and
• convulsions (preeclampsia and eclampsia)

The treatment for Gestational diabetes is controlling blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, insulin if necessary, and blood sugar monitoring. And the best idea is to be under the care of an obstetrician, a diabetes specialist, and a dietitian. Guidelines for nutrition and weight gain during a diabetic pregnancy depend on your current health, the fetal size, and your weight.

Type 2 Diabetes - Pregnancy Weight Gain in Gestational Diabetes!

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Gestational Diabetes - Common Symptoms and Treatment for Diabetes During Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes (GD) is when a pregnant woman that previously was not diabetic becomes diabetic. It generally only lasts during pregnancy. It is also known by the term glucose intolerance of pregnancy. GD is like type 2 diabetes in that the body becomes resistant to insulin. It does not stop producing insulin but the body simply finds the insulin ineffective or it is not produced in sufficient quantity. Whilst it is not completely understood how this occurs in pregnant women the current thinking is that hormones that are secreted during pregnancy act as a blocking agent to insulin hence causing insulin resistance.

Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes Pregnancy

It is often quite hard to detect the disease because the body is undergoing dramatic changes all the time, many of which a being experienced for the first time. A pregnant woman will be in contact with her doctor frequently during the pregnancy so it is a good idea to mention any unusual changes in the body. Generally the condition will affect women in the latter stages of pregnancy (around 24-28 weeks). A classic symptom of gestational diabetes is excessive thirst or polydipsia. This could be accompanied by frequent urination (polyuria).

Other symptoms for gestational diabetes include :

Fatigue

Nausea

Blurred vision

Bladder or yeast infection.

As you can see, these symptoms could be the result of normal changes during pregnancy so it is important to keep your doctor informed so that he/she can screen you for gestational diabetes.

Treatment of Gestational Diabetes

The aim of treating the disease is to keep the blood sugar levels within a normal range. This will be determined by your doctor after a test to confirm that you have diabetes. Treatment will involve :

A gestational diabetes menu plan

This will be worked out with your doctor or ,more likely, a dietitian. A gestational diabetes diet will factor in your size, age and stage of pregnancy when creating a meal plan for you. In principle, the foodstuffs used will be split into :

carbohydrates,

vegetables and fruits,

meat or meat substitutes (protein),

milk and diary products,

sweets, candy and oils (fats)

More information can be found on how to use these food groups by following the diabetic food pyramid. By following a meal plan for gestational diabetes you will limit the amount of sugar that enters you bloodstream. This will help to control the blood sugar level.

Another essential part of treating GD is a regular exercise plan. This might involve a daily walk or some light exercise. Exercise will burn up sugar in the blood so that the blood sugar level does not get high.

If a diet and exercise are not sufficient in keeping the sugar level within a safe range, your doctor may prescribe a drug, such as Glyburide, to help make the body less resistant to insulin or insulin injections.

A complication of Gestational Diabetes , if left untreated, is that the baby will be larger than normal (known as Macrosomia). This occurs because there is an increase in the blood glucose levels and insulin production that stimulate the growth of the fetus. This may result in a cesarean section during birth.

Gestational diabetes usually stops after birth but it has been found that women that had GD are more likely to develop diabetes mellitus in the proceeding years than women that did not have the condition.

Gestational Diabetes - Common Symptoms and Treatment for Diabetes During Pregnancy

Treating gestational diabetes involves developing a diet plan that regulates the amount of sugar entering your body. Get more information on eating healthy foods for diabetics at http://www.diabeticdietsplan.com . The site also deals with diabetic complications and testing supplies for diabetes . Adrian Whittle writes on issues related to diabetes including symptoms of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy.